Project C2:
Superconducting microtraps (2005-2017)
Summary
We plan the use of micro fabricated thin film superconducting niobium stripes at 4 Kelvin for the construction of magnetic micro traps for atoms. With superconducting traps Bose Einstein condensates can be confined extremely close to the superconductor's surface with separations down to several hundred nanometer. Under these conditions it will be possible to structure the condensate on a spatial scale which is comparable to its healing length (<1µm). In this regime, tunneling of the macroscopic condensate wave function becomes relevant and a variety of novel scenarios can be realized including Josephson junctions, coherent beam splitters, on-chip interferometers, and lattices of arbitrary geometry. With the demonstration of tunneling elements, much of the widely discussed integrated atom optics on a chip will become realistic. In addition, superconducting technology can be exploited for on-chip devices which offers novel and fascinating perspectives. For example, integrated superconducting magnetometers - superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) or superconducting quantum inter-ference filters (SQIFs) - can be used for in-situ measurements of the magnitude and fluctuations in the magnetic trapping field. In combination with the very well defined geometry of the micro fabricated superconductors the shape and strength of the trapping potentials can be determined with an extremely high precision. This allows for the separation of effects due to gravity or external electric or magnetic fields. By generating also the trapping potential with a quantum object (i.e. the macroscopic wave function of the superconductor) ultimate control is possible and high precision detectors appear feasible this way. As a second topic we plan to study whether atoms or small Bose-Einstein-condensates can be coherently coupled by superconducting capacitors or current loops which are interconnected via superconducting wires. This would open possibilities to tailor new dynamic cooperative quantum states in such hybrid systems. It will be a highly rewarding challenge to study such scenarios with possible targets including flux quantization, quantum interferometers, geometric phases, and entanglement.
Project leaders
Prof. Dr. Joachim Ankerhold, Institut für komplexe Quantensysteme, Universität Ulm
Prof. Dr. Thomas Dahm, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Universität Bielefeld
Prof. Dr. József Fortágh, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Tübingen
Prof. Dr. Dieter Kölle, Physikalisches Institut II, Universität Tübingen
Refs & Publications
D. Bothner, D. Wiedmaier, B. Ferdinand, R. Kleiner, and D. Koelle"Improving Superconducting Resonators in Magnetic Fields by Reduced Field Focussing and Engineered Flux Screening"
Phys. Rev. Applied 8, 034025 (2017); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.034025
M. Javaheri Rahim, T. Lehleiter, D. Bothner, C. Krellner, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, M. Dressel, M. Scheffler
"Metallic coplanar resonators optimized for low-temperature measurements"
J. Phys. D 49, 395501 (2016); doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/49/39/395501
S. Dambach, B. Kubala, J. Ankerhold
"Generating Entangled Quantum Microwaves in a Josephson-Photonics Device"
New J. Phys. 19, 023027 (2017); doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/aa5bb6
S. Dambach, B. Kubala, and J.Ankerhold
"Time-resolved statistics of non-classical light in Josephson photonics"
Phys. Rev. B 92, 054508 (2016); doi: 10.1002/prop.201600061
M. J. Martínez-Pérez, B. Müller, D. Schwebius, D. Korinski, R. Kleiner, J. Sesé, D. Koelle
"NanoSQUID magnetometry of individual cobalt nanoparticles grown by focused electron beam induced deposition"
Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 024003 (2017); doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/30/2/024003
C. R. Ast, B. Jäck, J. Senkpiel, M. Eltschka, M. Etzkorn, J. Ankerhold, and K. Kern
"Sensing the quantum limit in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy"
Nature Communications 7, 13009 (2016); doi: 10.1038/ncomms13009
M. J. Martínez-Pérez, D. Gella, B. Müller, V. Morosh, R. Wölbing, J. Sesé, O. Kieler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle
"Three-Axis Vector Nano Superconducting Quantum Interference Device"
ACS Nano 10, 8128-8132 (2016); doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02218
S. Fuchs, J. Ankerhold, M. Blencowe, and B. Kubala
"Non-equilibrium dynamics of the Dicke model for mesoscopic aggregates: signatures of superradiance"
J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49, 035501 (2016); doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/49/3/035501
A. Buchter, R. Wölbing, M. Wyss, O. F. Kieler, T. Weimann, J. Kohlmann, A. B. Zorin, D. Rüffer, F. Matteini, G. Tütüncüoglu, F. Heimbach, A. Kleibert, A. Fontcuberta i Morral, D. Grundler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, M. Poggio
"Magnetization reversal of an individual exchange-biased permalloy nanotube"
Phys. Rev. B , 92, 214432 (2015); arXiv: 1512.00199; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.214432
S. Meister, M. Mecklenburg, V. Gramich, J.T. Stockburger, J. Ankerhold, and B. Kubala
"Resonators coupled to voltage-biased Josephson junctions: From linear response to strongly driven nonlinear oscillations"
Phys. Rev. B 92, 174532 (2016); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.174532
B. Kubala, V. Gramich, and J. Ankerhold
"Non-classical light from superconducting resonators coupled to voltage-biased Josephson junctions"
Phys. Scr. T 165, 014029 (2015); doi: 10.1088/0031-8949/2015/T165/014029
A. D. Armour, B. Kubala, and J. Ankerhold
"Josephson photonics with a two-mode superconducting circuit"
Phys. Rev. B 91, 184508 (2015); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.184508
Y. Wiemann, J. Simmendinger, C. Clauss, L. Bogani, D. Bothner, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, M. Dressel, M. Scheffler
"Observing electron spin resonance between 0.1 and 67 GHz at temperatures between 50 mK and 300 K using broadband metallic coplanar waveguides"
Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, 193505 (2015); arXiv: 1505.06105; doi: 10.1063/1.4921231
T. Schwarz, R. Wölbing, C. F. Reiche, B. Müller, M. J. Martínez-Pérez, T. Mühl, B. Büchner, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle
"Low-Noise YBa2Cu3O7 NanoSQUIDs for Performing Magnetization-Reversal Measurements on Magnetic Nanoparticles"
Phys. Rev. Appl., 3, 044011 (2015); arXiv: 1503.06090; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.044011
P. Weiss, M. Knufinke, S. Bernon, D. Bothner, L. Sárkány, C. Zimmermann, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, J. Fortágh, H. Hattermann
"Sensitivity of ultracold atoms to quantized flux in a superconducting ring"
Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 113003 (2015); arXiv: 1502.01858; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.113003
M. Thiemann, D. Bothner, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, M. Dressel, M. Scheffler
"Niobium stripline resonators for microwave studies on superconductors"
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 568, 022043 (2014); arXiv: 1408.4727; doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/568/2/022043
L. Sárkány, P. Weiss, H. Hattermann, and J. Fortágh
"Controlling the magnetic-field sensitivity of atomic-clock states by microwave dressing"
Phys. Rev. A 90, 053416 (2014); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053416
R. Wölbing, T. Schwarz, B. Müller, J. Nagel, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle
"Optimizing the spin sensitivity of grain boundary junction nanoSQUIDs – towards detection of small spin systems with single-spin resolution"
Supercond. Sci. Technol., 27, 125007 (2014); arXiv: 1301.1189; doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/27/12/125007
F. Jessen, M. Knufinke, S. C. Bell, P. Vergien, H. Hattermann, P. Weiss, M. Rudolph, M. Reinschmidt, K. Meyer, T. Gaber, D. Cano, A. Guenther, S. Bernon, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, J. Fortágh
"Trapping of ultra cold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator"
Appl. Phys. B, 116, 665-671 (2014); arXiv: 1309.2548; doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5750-5
V. Gramich, S. Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, and J. Ankerhold
"Lamb-Shift Enhancement and Detection in Strongly Driven Superconducting Circuits"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 027001 (2014); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.027001
D. Bothner, R. Seidl, V. R. Misko, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, M. Kemmler
"Unusual commensurability effects in quasiperiodic pinning arrays induced by local inhomogeneities of the pinning site density"
Supercond. Sci. Technol., 27, 065002 (2014); arXiv: 1206.5672; doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/27/6/065002
V. Gramich, B. Kubala, S. Rohrer, and J. Ankerhold
"From Coulomb-Blockade to Nonlinear Quantum Dynamics in a Superconducting Circuit with a Resonator"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 247002 (2013); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.247002
R. Schmidt, J. T. Stockburger, and J. Ankerhold
"Almost local generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement in nonequilibrium open systems"
Phys. Rev. A 88, 052321 (2013); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.052321
D. Bothner, M. Knufinke, H. Hattermann, R. Wölbing, B. Ferdinand, P. Weiss, S. Bernon, J. Fortágh, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner
"Inductively coupled superconducting half wavelength resonators as persistent current traps for ultracold atoms"
New J. Phys. 15, 093024 (2013); doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/9/093024
S. Bernon, H. Hattermann, D. Bothner, M. Knufinke, P. Weiss, F. Jessen, D. Cano, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and J. Fortágh
"Manipulation and coherence of ultra-cold atoms on a superconducting atom chip"
Nature Communications 4, 2380 (2013); doi: 10.1038/ncomms3380
J. Nagel, A. Buchter, F. Xue, O. F. Kieler, T. Weimann, J. Kohlmann, A. B. Zorin, D. Rüffer, E. Russo-Averchi, R. Huber, P. Berberich, A. Fontcuberta i Morral, D. Grundler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, M. Poggio, M. Kemmler
"Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID"
Phys. Rev. B, 88, 064425 (2013); arXiv: 1305.1195; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.064425
A. Buchter, J. Nagel, D. Rüffer, F. Xue, D. P. Weber, O. F. Kieler, T. Weimann, J. Kohlmann, A. B. Zorin, E. Russo-Averchi, R. Huber, P. Berberich, A. Fontcuberta i Morral, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, D. Grundler, M. Poggio
"Reversal mechanism of an individual Ni nanotube simultaneously studied by torque and SQUID magnetometry"
Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 067202 (2013); arXiv: 1305.6481; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.067202
R. Wölbing, J. Nagel, T. Schwarz, O. Kieler, T. Weimann, J. Kohlmann, A. B. Zorin, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle
"Nb nano superconducting quantum interference devices with high spin sensitivity for operation in magnetic fields up to 0.5 T"
Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 192601 (2013); arXiv: 1304.7584; doi: 10.1063/1.4804673
D. Kast and J. Ankerhold
"Persistence of Coherent Quantum Dynamics at Strong Dissipation"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 010402 (2013); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.010402
T. Schwarz, J. Nagel, R. Wölbing, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, and D. Kölle
"Low-Noise Nano Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Operating in Tesla Magnetic Fields"
ACS Nano 7, 844 (2013); doi: 10.1021/nn305431c
A. Markowsky, A. Zare, V. Graber, and T. Dahm
"Optimal thickness of rectangular superconducting microtraps for cold atomic gases"
Phys. Rev. A 86, 023412 (2012); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.023412
H. Hattermann, M. Mack, F. Karlewski, F. Jessen, D. Cano, and J. Fortágh
"Detrimental adsorbate fields in experiments with cold Rydberg clouds near surfaces"
Phys. Rev. A 86, 022511 (2012); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.022511
M. Rudolph, J. Nagel, J. M. Meckbach, M. Kemmler, M. Siegel, K. Ilin, D. Kölle, and R. Kleiner
"Direct current superconducting quantum interferometers with asymmetric shunt resistors"
Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 052602 (2012); doi: 10.1063/1.4739850
D. Bothner, C. Clauss, E. Koroknay, M. Kemmler, T. Gaber, M. Jetter, M. Scheffler, P. Michler, M. Dressel, D. Kölle, and R. Kleiner
"The phase boundary of superconducting niobium thin films with antidot arrays fabricated with microsphere photolithography"
Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 065020 (2012); doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/25/6/065020
G. W. Ataklti, A. Yu. Aladyshkin, W. Gillijns, I. M. Nefedov, J. Van de Vondel, A. V. Silhanek, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and V. V. Moshchalkov
"Localization of superconductivity in superconductor-electromagnet hybrids"
Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 065015 (2012); arXiv: C21204.4690; doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/25/6/065015
D. Bothner, T. Gaber, M. Kemmler, D. Kölle, R. Kleiner, S. Wünsch, and M. Siegel
"Magnetic hysteresis effects in superconducting coplanar microwave resonators"
Phys. Rev. B 86, 014517 (2012); arXiv: 1202.5963
D. Bothner, C. Clauss, E. Koroknay, M. Kemmler, T. Gaber, M. Jetter, M. Scheffler, P. Michler, M. Dressel, D. Kölle, and R. Kleiner
"Reducing vortex losses in superconducting microwave resonators with microsphere patterned antidot arrays"
Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 012601 (2012); doi: 10.1063/1.3673869
S. Rablen, M. Kemmler, T. Quaglio, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and I. V. Grigorieva
"Bitter decoration of vortex patterns in superconducting Nb films with random, triangular and Penrose arrays of antidots"
Phys. Rev. B 84, 184520 (2011); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.184520
J. Nagel, O. F. Kieler, T. Weimann, R. Wölbing, J. Kohlmann, A. B. Zorin, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and M. Kemmler
"Superconducting quantum interference devices with submicron Nb/HfTi/Nb junctions for investigation of small magnetic particles"
Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 032506 (2011); doi: 10.1063/1.3614437
M. Mack, F. Karlewski, H. Hattermann, S. Höckh, F. Jessen, D. Cano, and J. Fortágh
"Measurement of absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb nS and nD Rydberg states by means of electromagnetically induced transparency"
Phys. Rev. A 83, 052515 (2011); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.052515
D. Cano, H. Hattermann, B. Kasch, C. Zimmermann, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and J. Fortágh
"Experimental system for research on ultracold atomic gases near superconducting microstructures"
Eur. Phys. J. D 63, 17–23 (2011); doi: 10.1140/epjd/e2011-10680-8
A. Yu. Aladyshkin, G. W. Ataklti, W. Gillijns, I. M. Nefedov, I. A. Shereshevsky, A. V. Silhanek, J. Van de Vondel, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and V. V. Moshchalkov
"Mesoscopic cross–film cryotrons: Vortex trapping and dc–Josephson–like oscillations of the critical current"
Phys. Rev. B 83, 144509 (2011); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.144509
D. Bothner, T. Gaber, M. Kemmler, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner
"Improving the performance of superconducting resonators in magnetic fields"
Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 102504 (2011); doi: 10.1063/1.3560480
P. Bushev, D. Bothner, J. Nagel, M. Kemmler, K. B. Konovalenko, A. Loerincz, K. Ilin, M. Siegel, D. Kölle, R. Kleiner, and F. Schmidt-Kaler
"Trapped electron coupled to superconducting devices"
Eur. Phys. J. D 63, 9-16 (2011); doi: 10.1140/epjd/e2011-10517-6
J. Nagel, K. B. Konovalenko, M. Kemmler, M. Turad, R. Werner, E. Kleisz, S. Menzel, R. Klingeler, B. Büchner, R. Kleiner, and D. Kölle
"Resistively shunted YBa2Cu3O7 grain boundary junctions and low-noise SQUIDs patterned by a focused ion beam down to 80 nm linewidth"
Supercond. Sci. Technol. 24, 015015 (2011); doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/24/1/015015
I. Sapina, T. Dahm, and N. Schopohl
"Ground-state and collective modes of a spin-polarized dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap"
Phys. Rev. A 82, 053620 (2010); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053620
V. R. Misko, D. Bothner, M. Kemmler, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, F. M. Peeters, and F. Nori
"Enhancing the critical current in quasiperiodic pinning arrays below and above the matching flux"
Phys. Rev. B 82, 184512 (2010); doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184512
V. Siegle, C.-W. Liang, S. Lothkov, B. Kaestner, H. W. Schumacher, F. Jessen, D. Kölle, R. Kleiner, and S. Roth
"A molecular quantized charge pump"
Nano Letters 10, 3841-3845 (2010); doi: 10.1021/nl101023u
B. Kasch, H. Hattermann, D. Cano, T. E. Judd, S. Scheel, C. Zimmermann, R. Kleiner, D. Kölle, and J. Fortágh
"Cold atoms near superconductors: Atomic spin coherence beyond the Johnson noise limit"
New J. Phys. 12, 065024 (2010)
M. Kemmler, D. Bothner, K. Ilin, M. Siegel, R. Kleiner, and D. Kölle
"Suppression of dissipation in Nb thin films with triangular antidot arrays with random removal of pinning sites"
Phys. Rev. B 79, 184509 (2009); arXiv:0809.1743v1 [cond-mat.supr-con]
M. Häffner, M. Kemmler, R. Löffler, B. Vega Gómez, M. Fleischer, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, and D. P. Kern
"Controlling superconducting properties via vortex pinning by regular arrays of vertical cabon nanotubes"
Microelectronic Engineering 86, 895 (2009)
D. Cano, B. Kasch, H. Hattermann, R. Kleiner, C. Zimmermann, D. Kölle, and J. Fortágh
"Meissner Effect in Superconducting Microtraps"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 183006 (2008)
D. Cano, B. Kasch, H. Hattermann, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, C. Zimmermann, and J. Fortágh
"Impact of the Meissner Effect on magnetic microtraps for neutral atoms near superconducting thin films"
Phys. Rev. A 77, 063408 (2008)
M. Kemmler, C. Gürlich, A. Sterck, H. Pöhler, M. Neuhaus, M. Siegel, R. Kleiner, and D. Koelle
"Commensurability Effects in Superconducting Nb Films with Quasiperiodic Pinning Arrays"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 147003 (2006); arXiv:cond-mat/0605563